PO Basic Git Concepts

Repositories (Repos)

A repository (repo) is a collection of files tracked by Git. You can create a new repository or clone an existing one:

Creating a new repository

To initialize a new git repository

git init

I see this

D:\praveenoruganti\codeworkspace\gitworkout\sample1>git init
Initialized empty Git repository in D:/praveenoruganti/codeworkspace/gitworkout/sample1/.git/

This creates a hidden .git folder in the project directory, which Git uses to track changes.

Cloning an existing repository

If you want to work on an existing project, clone it with:

git clone <repository-url>

Lets clone the sample1 repo from orugantipraveen organization.

git clone https://github.com/orugantipraveen/sample1.git

I see this

D:\praveenoruganti\codeworkspace\gitworkout>git clone https://github.com/orugantipraveen/sample1.git
Cloning into 'sample1'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 3, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (3/3), done.
remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0 (from 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (3/3), done.

Staging changes

When you modify files in your working directory, Git won't track them until you stage them.

To stage a file we need to use the below command.

git add <filename>

To stage all changes we need to use the below command.

git add .

Let's try these 2 above commands for staging files in our sample1 repo.

I created File1.txt in the sample1 folder and need to stage it.

D:\praveenoruganti\codeworkspace\gitworkout\sample1>git add File1.txt

I created 2 files File2.txt and File3.txt and i need to stage all the changes.

D:\praveenoruganti\codeworkspace\gitworkout\sample1>git add .

Committing changes

Once you've staged your changes, commit them to your local repository.

git commit -m "Your commit message"

A commit represents a snapshot of your project at a particular point in time.

Let's execute the above command in sample1 folder.

D:\praveenoruganti\codeworkspace\gitworkout\sample1>git commit -m "Added File1, File2 and File3 text files"
[main 3638d72] Added File1, File2 and File3 text files
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 File1.txt
 create mode 100644 File2.txt
 create mode 100644 File3.txt

Viewing the commit history

To see a log of all commits we need to execute below command.

git log

I see this.

D:\praveenoruganti\codeworkspace\gitworkout\sample1>git log
commit 3638d72435915062c756872fdec5a1aad2fc3abb (HEAD -> main)
Author: Praveen Oruganti <praveenoruganti@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Feb 17 09:40:00 2025 +0530

    Added File1, File2 and File3 text files

commit ffde5d9a9ceaa86645bf8b240fa87bed5ac4b370 (origin/main, origin/HEAD)
Author: Praveen Oruganti <praveenoruganti@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Feb 17 09:31:55 2025 +0530

    Initial commit

Push the changes

Lets execute the below command to push the changes to sample1 repo.

git push